If PCTs and Clinical Commissioning Groups with financial and professional incentives inhibit referrals to specialists and this iron grip is set to tighten.
If standards of primary care were beyond reproach and consistent there would be a strong case for this illiberal model of healthcare. A King’s Fund report in 2011 punctured this optimistic balloon and confirmed what specialists have long appreciated: there is enormous variation in knowledge and skills and diagnostic delays which produce, for example, cancer outcomes inferior to those of our European neighbours in spite of excellent, well resourced oncology services.
The variation of referral rate in one study of 51 practices for suspected cancer symptoms was from 0.72 to 25 for every 1,000 patients.
The government’s proposals to abolish SHAs and PCTs will place a heavy burden on GPs to make good clinical and financial decisions and is a high risk strategy. Their burden would be lightened if patients were given real freedom and choice to consult specialists without GP referral.
The advantages would include:
- appropriate investigation, early diagnosis and optimal treatment;
- specialists work in teams and compare their practice with local, national and international standards. It makes secondary care far more even in terms of performance than primary care.
- patients being confident that they will receive the best available care.
The disadvantages might include:
- specialists could be overwhelmed by minor conditions (though this could be addressed through the ratio of specialists to generalists);
- patients might consult the wrong specialists. The pre-Berlin Wall collapse style diktat banning consultant to consultant referrals must be overturned so that patients can be smoothly passed on. Specialists in their first comprehensive assessment of a patient often find problems fully justifying the opinion of their colleagues.
- the direct access model might be more expensive in the short term but early effective treatment of cancer and musculoskeletal conditions could save money in the medium and long term and may return patients to work sooner.
- loss of single, coordinating GPs with good knowledge of their patients. I think this traditional strength of primary care has long since disappeared. Patients see the GP with the next available appointment.
At this time of healthcare reform, we should consider abolishing the out-dated, restrictive practices typical of mid-twentieth century trade unionism and allow our patients real choice.